the theme of rhetorical tricks and geographical data in samples of classical persian poetry

since a long time ago, poets and orators used various knowledge sources and human sciences to express thoughts, intentions, and their intellectual achievements. for instance, they utilized natural and supernatural elements and names of geographical places as the sources of their artistic creation. the old poets and orators, which are known as the laureates and frontiers of classic literature, used the names of the cities, mountains, rivers and famous places like palaces and places of pilgrimage in their poems to make their works more elegant and more artistic. using these geographical names for making images in the poems not only preserves and saves the name of these places but also it facilitates the reader’s comprehension and understanding. this article aims to investigate and analyze the imageries created by geographical names in naser khosro poems, the representative of khorasani style, and khghani poems, the representative of iraqi style, to show the changes in the contents involving geographical names and the frequency of geographical names in these two styles. the analytical method is used in this study and some verses have been collected from khaghani and naser khosro poems then they have been categorized and compared and finally analyzed